Key features of Australia's system of government include its basis in a combination of "written" and "unwritten rules", and its heads of state, comprising the Sovereign, the State Governors, and the Governor-General. Australia is thus one of the Commonwealth realms, sixteen independent countries that share the same person as monarch and head of state.įurther information: Commonwealth realm § The Crown in the Commonwealth realms This is understood today to constitute a separate Australian monarchy, the monarch acting with regard to Australian affairs exclusively upon the advice of Australian ministers. Īustralian constitutional law provides that the monarch of the United Kingdom is also the monarch in Australia. These are now almost the only constitutional functions of the monarch with regard to Australia. The monarch appoints the Governor-General and the governors, on the advice of the respective executive governments State and Federal. She is represented in Australia as a whole by the Governor-General, in accordance with the Australian Constitution and letters patent from the Queen, and in each of the Australian states, according to the state constitutions, by a governor, assisted by a lieutenant-governor.
The present monarch is Elizabeth II, styled Queen of Australia, who has reigned since 6 February 1952. The Australian monarchy is a constitutional monarchy, modelled on the Westminster system of parliamentary government, while incorporating features unique to the Constitution of Australia. Its membership also includes many teachers at universities in countries outside North America, secondary school teachers, and independent scholars.The monarchy of Australia is the institution in which a person serves as Australia's sovereign and head of state, on a hereditary basis.
While the largest single group of its members teaches British history in colleges and universities in the United States and Canada, the NACBS has significant representation among specialists in literature, art history, politics, law, sociology, and economics. The NACBS also sponsors an annual conference, as well as several academic prizes, graduate fellowships, and undergraduate essay contests. 44), the journal merged with the NACBS publication Albion, creating one journal for NACBS membership. Drawing on both established and emerging approaches, JBS presents scholarly articles and books reviews from renowned international authors who share their ideas on British society, politics, law, economics, and the arts. The official publication of the North American Conference on British Studies (NACBS), the Journal of British Studies, has positioned itself as the critical resource for scholars of British culture from the Middle Ages through the present.
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